Sobre el Concepto de Ejercicio Terapéutico. La identidad profesional y la organización de la Fisioterapia
Resumen
RESUMEN
El presente manuscrito resalta el papel crítico del ejercicio terapéutico en la fisioterapia, delineando su evolución histórica y proponiendo reflexiones para mejorar su implementación en la práctica clínica, la academia y la gestión organizativa. El texto destaca figuras históricas como Per Henrik Ling, pionero del ejercicio terapéutico en el siglo XIX y fundador del Real Instituto Central de Gimnasia en Estocolmo, precursor de la fisioterapia moderna, y Mary McMillan, fundadora de la primera escuela de fisioterapia en Estados Unidos y autora del primer texto de fisioterapia en EE. UU., que introdujo explícitamente el concepto de ejercicio terapéutico.
El ejercicio terapéutico se define como una amplia gama de procedimientos basados en el movimiento, utilizados para reducir la discapacidad y mejorar la capacidad funcional y aptitud física. Este se puede aplicar en procesos de prevención y recuperación de diversas condiciones, que abarcan afecciones neurológicas, cardiorrespiratorias y musculoesqueléticas.
Las habilidades profesionales en fisioterapia provienen de la capacidad para diagnosticar, evaluar y asesorar a los pacientes, implementar tratamientos centrados en la terapia manual y el ejercicio terapéutico, y emplear conocimientos basados en la evidencia científica. Históricamente, el uso del ejercicio se ha erigido como uno de los pilares terapéuticos de la fisioterapia. Sin embargo, se observa que en España los conceptos y aplicaciones de la prescripción de ejercicio aún no están completamente integrados en la academia y la práctica clínica.
El manuscrito propone que es crucial reconocer estas deficiencias para consolidar, integrar y proteger las competencias relacionadas con la prescripción de ejercicio terapéutico. Sugiere que es necesario incrementar la proporción de créditos relacionados con la prescripción de ejercicio terapéutico en el currículo del grado de fisioterapia y se incluyen otras recomendaciones para mejorar la implementación del ejercicio terapéutico desde los puntos de vista clínico, académico y de gestión organizativa.
ABSTRACT
This manuscript emphasizes the critical role of therapeutic exercise in physical therapy, outlining its historical evolution and proposing considerations for enhancing its implementation in clinical practice, academia, and organizational management. The text highlights historical figures such as Per Henrik Ling, a pioneer of therapeutic exercise in the 19th century and founder of the Royal Central Institute of Gymnastics in Stockholm, a precursor of modern physiotherapy, and Mary McMillan, the founder of the first school of physical therapy in the United States and author of the first physiotherapy text in the U.S., who explicitly introduced the concept of therapeutic exercise.
The manuscript defines therapeutic exercise as a broad range of movement-based procedures, used to decrease disability and enhance functional capacity and physical fitness. It can be applied in the prevention and recovery processes of various conditions, encompassing neurological, cardiorespiratory, and musculoskeletal ailments.
Professional skills in physiotherapy derive from the ability to diagnose, evaluate, and advise patients, implement treatments centered on manual therapy and therapeutic exercise, and employ knowledge based on scientific evidence. Historically, the use of exercise has emerged as one of the therapeutic pillars of physical therapy. However, it is noted that in Spain, the concepts and applications of exercise prescription are not yet fully integrated into academia and clinical practice.
The manuscript proposes that it is crucial to acknowledge these deficiencies to consolidate, integrate, and protect competencies related to therapeutic exercise prescription. It suggests that it is necessary to increase the proportion of credits related to therapeutic exercise prescription in the physiotherapy degree curriculum and includes other recommendations to improve the implementation of therapeutic exercise from clinical, academic, and organizational management perspectives.
Cómo citar
Referencias
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