Factores de riesgo de la disfagia en la tercera edad: una revisión bibliográfica de estudios observacionales
Resumen
Objetivo: El objetivo de esta revisión bibliográfica fue identificar los principales factores de riesgo asociados a la disfagia en la población geriátrica.
Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en cinco bases de datos: Google Académico, IBECS, LILACS, Medline y OT-Seeker. Se incluyeron estudios observacionales publicados en español o inglés entre los años 2017 y 2021 cuyo objetivo era evaluar posibles factores de riesgo de disfagia en población geriátrica.
Resultados: 13 estudios cumplieron los criterios de inclusión (28.520 sujetos). Los factores de riesgo asociados a la disfagia se clasificaron en siete categorías: características demográficas, patologías, estado cognitivo, estado funcional, estado nutricional, funcionamiento del sistema musculoesquelético y funcionamiento del sistema estomatognático.
Conclusiones: Existen numerosos factores de riesgo que pueden aumentar la probabilidad de sufrir disfagia en la tercera edad. Padecer deterioro cognitivo, estar en riesgo de desnutrición y estar desnutrido parecen ser los factores de riesgo más comunes. La identificación de estos factores de riesgo puede ser útil para la detección precoz de las personas de la tercera edad en riesgo de padecer disfagia, ayudando a mejorar el manejo de un problema de salud preocupante.
Cómo citar
Referencias
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