Relación de las variables de catastrofismo y autoeficacia con la intensidad del dolor, la función y la discapacidad en pacientes de artrosis de rodilla y cadera: una revisión sistemática
Resumen
Objetivo: realizar una revisión sistemática de estudios observacionales que analizasen la asociación de las variables psicológicas catastrofismo y autoeficacia con la intensidad del dolor, la función y la discapacidad en pacientes de artrosis de cadera y rodilla.
Métodos: se llevó a cabo una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos de PubMed, EBSCO y Google Scholar. La última búsqueda se realizó el 13 de mayo de 2022. Los criterios de inclusión fueron estudios observacionales que incluyeran pacientes diagnosticados de artrosis de cadera y/o rodilla por un profesional sanitario con competencia diagnóstica y que analizasen la asociación del catastrofismo y/o la autoeficacia con las variables de dolor, función y/o discapacidad. La evaluación de la calidad metodológica de los estudios incluidos se llevó a cabo con la Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS).
Resultados: se incluyeron 2 estudios de cohorte y 7 estudios transversales. Los 2 estudios de cohorte obtuvieron una puntuación de 6 puntos en la escala NOS, considerándose una buena calidad metodológica. Respecto a los estudios transversales, 4 obtuvieron una puntuación de 3, considerándose de buena calidad, 2 estudios se calificaron con una puntuación de 2, que se considera justa, y 1 estudio obtuvo una puntuación de 1, considerado de mala calidad. El catastrofismo se correlacionó de forma positiva con la intensidad del dolor y la discapacidad, y de forma negativa con la función, mientras que la autoeficacia se correlacionó negativamente con la intensidad del dolor y positivamente con la función.
Conclusiones: altos niveles de catastrofismo se asocian a mayor intensidad de dolor y discapacidad y menor funcionalidad, mientras que altos niveles de autoeficacia se asocian a una menor intensidad del dolor y mayor funcionalidad.
Cómo citar
Referencias
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