Impacto de series de apnea a diferentes volúmenes pulmonares sobre la sensibilidad al dolor: un ensayo piloto en sujetos sanos
Víctor Galán-Sánchez- Alberto Melis-Romeu
- Javier Andrés López-Vidal
- José Fierro-Marrero
- Francisco DeAsís-Fernández
Resumen
Antecedentes: La apnea es una condición caracterizada por la interrupción de la respiración, y se cree que afecta el reflejo barorreceptor en distintos volúmenes pulmonares, influyendo en las respuestas de sensibilidad al dolor.
Objetivos: El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar el efecto de episodios de apnea, realizados con volúmenes pulmonares altos y bajos, sobre la hipoalgesia.
Métodos: Los participantes fueron asignados aleatoriamente a dos grupos: un grupo de apnea a volumen pulmonar alto (GA) y otro a volumen pulmonar bajo (GB). Ambas intervenciones consistieron en series intermitentes de apnea durante un periodo de 6 minutos, mientras caminaban en una cinta. La hipoalgesia se evaluó mediante umbrales de dolor a la presión (UDPs) e intensidad de dolor evocado (DE) en el pulgar, el tibial anterior y la vértebra C7. También se registraron los valores de saturación de oxígeno, frecuencia cardíaca y percepción subjetiva del esfuerzo (PSE) durante las intervenciones.
Resultados: Se incluyeron veintiocho sujetos sanos, asignados en un ratio 1:1 a los grupos GA y GB. Ambos grupos mostraron un aumento en los PPTs en el tibial anterior (F=10,902, p=0.003, η²=0.295) y en C7 (F=7.62, p=0.01, η²=0.227). La intensidad del DE disminuyó en ambos grupos únicamente en el tibial anterior (F=45,455, p=0.043, η²=0.149). No se observaron interacciones significativas entre el tiempo y el grupo en ninguna de las localizaciones corporales, ni para los UDPs ni para la intensidad del DE, lo que indica que la sensibilidad al dolor se modificó de forma similar en ambos grupos.
Conclusiones: Ambas maniobras de apnea, tanto con volumen pulmonar alto como bajo, parecen modificar la sensibilidad al dolor. Sin embargo, los cambios observados fueron similares entre las intervenciones, sin diferencias marcadas entre ellas.
Cómo citar
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